Marketing and the Fast Food Industry Essay

The ultimate depicted objects of firm feed chains be elevated visibility and world-wide course credit. The earliest establishments, ostentatiously designed in an take in charge to attract attention, were strategic totallyy placed alongside highway off-ramps in coif to draw in customers. Simplistic logos, such as the legendary specious arches, began to bring recognition to the prodigal sustenance chains. The fast fare manufactures ability to sell convenience and taste then allowed the popularity of fast food to gain momentum.Eric Schlosser, the author of Fast Food Nation, explores the various simulated military operation used by the industry in nightspot to hit global recognition, target children, and why it is more productive to distribute children than to target some other age groups. One method used to achieve global recognition was to apply the concept of synergy. Synergy can be defined as the cooperation among two or more organizations to produce results gr take iner than the sexual union of their separate effects. In simplistic terms, two or more companies trust forces in order to benefit themselves more than they could have done individually.deuce companies who have effectively utilized this concept ar the Walt Disney company and the McDonald corporation. They were satisfactory to propose marketing deals, provide giveaways, and swap executives amongst their companies. The cross promotion strengthen ties between Hollywood and the fast food industry, allowing the McDonald corporation to gain global recognition. Studies show that children have an easier time identifying characters such as Ronald McDonald than major governmental figures such as the president of the United States.Half of Australian cab bet and ten year olds thought that Ronald McDonald was an authority on what they should eat. In Beijing, all of the primary school children recognized Ronald McDonald, saying that he understood their police van. Germany has more tha n one thousand McDonalds, many popping up inside of Wal-Marts, because they know lots of children get lugged to Wal-Mart every day. (Schlosser 231). The McDonald corporation had accomplished its goals to reach global realization, and this achievement paved the way to pursue primaevalish targeting.Children became the target group within advert, the decade of the child consumer (Schlosser 43). In order to exploit children effectively, focus groups were created solely for the purpose of finding effecting means of targeting ads towards children and hoard demographic information. 89% requested personal information from kids through the cyberspace and most(prenominal) children supplied it with aside p bental consent (Schlosser 45). Soon, products such as Coca- Cola and Dr. zest were marketed to schools and fast food advertisements were littered throughout the education system.Advertisements were placed on school buses, in school newspapers, written on stadium banners, and announcem ents were do over the stadiums public-address system during games (Schlosser 51). Children were not only face up with these ads during their time period at school, but at home too. The media play a huge role in promoting fast food. Television commercials, the internet, and the intercommunicate were employed to get kids to hussy their parents and nag them well (Schlosser 43). The adults set out to prey on childrens immaturity and to exploit their present- mindedness (Schlosser 46).Unsurprisingly, fast food companies became recognizable household trademarks. Ronald McDonald, Mickey Mouse, and McDonalds renowned golden arches are a few of the most identifiable symbols today. Companies believed that by propagandizing children at an early age, they would influence the children to remain loyal customers to their company. This leads to ask why marketing to children is the most worthwhile tactic. Foremost, children are impressionable. According to Consumer Reports magazine, young childr en have difficulty distinguishing between advertising and reality in ads, and ads can distort their view of the world.Children are still establishing their tastes and habits, making them ideal customers because they have many years of buying ahead of them (Schlosser 54). Americas fast food culture has obtain indistinguishable from the popular culture of its children (Schlosser 48). The coalition of the fast food and delight industry allowed fast food companies to market toys based on new trends in entertainment. The key to attracting kids is toys, toys, toys (Schlosser 47). In return, the entertainment industry promoted their current trend.Childrens identities should not be defined by their consumer habits. Yet, that is the main way their are portrayed in the media as consumers. Children were also described as substitute salesmen (Schlosser 43). Schlosser explains that children need to persuade others in order to get what they want which again, gets kids to nag their parents and nag them well (Schlosser 43). As an incentive to get children to want to eat at their restaurants, the McDonald corporation created playlands in their establishments based off of Disneys theme park, Disneyworld.Playlands bring in children, who bring in parents, who bring in specie (Schlosser 47). Since children need to be accompanied in order for them to get what they want, more customers, such as parents and siblings of the child, are brought into the company as well, thereby benefiting the company. Schlosser argues that the fast food industrys marketing tactics aim to achieve global recognition, victimize children, and explains the importance behind targeting children.He portrays children as open individuals who are drawn into fast food through the fast food industrys strategic efforts, and in most cases, they are. Children are bribed with playplaces, toys, cartoons, movies, and videos, and are reached through contests, sweepstakes, games, clubs, and the media. Schlosser questi ons the ethic and moral values of the advertisers in the fast food industry for feeding off of the childrens naivety. However, children, susceptible to the world of advertisement around them, continuously fall prey to the marketing industry.

Can Military Force Promote Humanitarian Values?

AbstractRecent years subscribe seen an increase in human-centered interventions which withstand involved army trading deeds. However is it feasible that the deuce summonss, soldiers and addition be compatibleThis paper investigates whether this is the case and, to do so, assesses army coerce in terms of the values which underpin secular humanism. This paper utilises a case study from the Libyan interlocking to assess whether at that place is a politicised nature in the push for armament machine take improver operations, and examines whether at that place is a insurance policy-making undertone in the increased usage of soldiers forces. It is argued that this undertone serves to demoralise the possibility that military forces give the sack come on humanisticIntroductionFor several decades, humanistic intervention has been a factor in military operations. This paper examines whether military forces wad promote the values of secular humanism during precauti on operations. To do so this paper will examine a deed of elements and seeks to define humanitarianism. In doing so, the question of what aim military forces cease play is considered. This includes, for example, where military forces be deployed to affected constituents or realms and the role which they remove been asked to conduct. This paper investigates whether the underlying aims of military forces are compatible with that of humanitarianism. This paper argues that they are not and that new years have seen developments where military action has been wrong justified on the grounds of humanitarian intervention.What is humanitarianism?The concept of humanitarian intervention which utilises military force fucking be classed as a subjective one. Whilst some commentators class military guide humanitarian interventions as being the use of military force to defend foreign populations from mass atrocities or gross human rights abuses (Waxman, 2013), others such as Marjanovic (2012) define the action as being a maintain utilize military force against another state when the chief publicly say aim of that military action is ending human-rights violations being perpetrated by the state against which it is directed. Yet despite the subjectivity, there is a series of components which can be extracted from these various definitions. These components include a form of struggle or conflict, the potential that non-combatants will be negatively affected by this conflict and where human rights abuses are considered to be taking placeIn essence, there are a number of factors which should be endow when military take humanitarian sufficeance is being considered. Weiss (2012 1) argues that there is an underlying notion of a responsibility to protect and that this has a tendency to dominate modern geo- policy-making thinking, further instead it is arguable that the global community can be incriminate of cherry picking where it seeks to intervene. Weiss had pre viously argued that any intervention should incorporate aspects of wager conflict redevelopment programming (Minear & Weiss, 1995), yet since the perpetuation of military led humanitarian interventions, he has reconsidered his status to argue that such actions should now crap activities undertaken to improve the human condition (Weiss, 2012 1). This latter inclusion indicates that the shift in conflict dynamics, from one which is largely based on conventional war to the usage of non-state actors and combatants in an asymmetric conflict zone has been a society to Weisss new perspective.Where values are considered, the external charge of the bolshy Cross (ICRC) (2013) argue that these incorporate aspects of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. Essentially, therefore, it can be argued that where military forces are deployed to financial backing humanitarian operations that it is essential they act fit to these guiding principles.Role of the Military in humanist ic InterventionsRecent years, curiously since the end of the Cold struggle (Pattison, 2010), have seen military operations to support humanitarian interventions in a number of collapsed or failed states. These include, but are not limited to, Iraq, post-Gulf War One (1991 2003), Bosnia Serbia (1995), Kosovo (1999), East Timor (1999) Somalia (2002), Haiti (2004), and Libya (2011) whilst other humanitarian interventions which have required military assistance can be considered to have taken place in post conflict Iraq and Afghanistan (Pattison, 2010). Weiss (2012) argues that the concept of humanitarian intervention has increased the potential for interventions into states in order to protect non-combatants from conflict. oppo mystifyion to this, the earlier reference to cherry picking pictures a casing site when the political discourse which took place at the United Nations (UN) Security Council in relation to the ongoing conflict in Syria can be considered to be a case wher e the window of opportunity for intervention has now closed, in particular since this conflict has led to the involvement of Islamic State and the Kurdish Peshmerga (Dagher, 2014). join on in Military led Humanitarian OperationsAs stated, recent decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War, have seen a rise in the numbers of ethnically charged conflicts and where humanitarian interventions have been considered as necessary (Kaldor, 1998). In a review of this era, Kaldor noteworthy that there had been a revision in the dynamics of conflict and that the underpinning issue was of a series of belligerents and combatants which were not constrained by international regulations, such as the Geneva linguistic rule protocols, Laws of Armed Conflict or relevant United Nations Charters (Kaldor, 1998). This changed dynamics has perpetuated and has dispel to a number of conflict zones around the world, but has too seen a rise in the usage of conventional forces to support non-gover nmental organisations (NGOs). Similarly, Christoplos, Longley, and Slaymaker (2004) in like manner noted a changed emphasis in humanitarian upkeep provision during this era. They argued that the underpinning programmes have been utilised to create a tripartite system of humanitarianism which incorporates renewal (for both state and society), development of state and social infrastructures and relief programmes which provide for maintaining civil society during crisis periods. This particular perspective reinforces a belief that military interventions can help NGOs deliver precaution by providing protective covering (Seybolt, 2007). even so the incorporation of military activity into this mix has also resulted in a further complication since military operations deploy to aid zones with a preposition of maintaining operational security. This includes the potential for combating belligerent forces where such a need exists (Davidson, 2012). perceptual constancy OperationsGlobal Hu manitarian Assistance (GHA) (2013) argues that the first decade of the xx first century has seen a near trebling of military support for NGOs in countries which have been affected by war, natural disaster or where the state infrastructure has been affected sufficiently that it is unable to assist with recovery programmes. GHA also note that peacekeeping operations have increased at a similar rate, particular in the years discussed earlier by Kaldor (1998) to the present day. UK military doctrine emphasises that any military activities which has a humanitarian commission should incorporate stability operations (Ministry of Defence, 2011). In clarifying this position, the UK Ministry of Defence added that The peacekeeper fulfils a mandate with the strategic consent of the main warring parties, allowing a tier of freedom to fulfil its task in an impartial manner, while a sustainable peace settlement is pursued. (Ministry of Defence, 2011 1.1). Such a perspective indicates that the dewy-eyed inclusion of additional personnel to assist NGOs is not the primary role of military forces but instead is indicative of a much political role which is int terminate to shape the political landscape of the affected region or state where assistance is being provided. This aspect does not sit comfortably with the principles of humanitarianism as espoused by NGOs such as the ICRC (2013). This perspective is further enforced when it is noted that the Ministry of Defence cannot rule pop out military action during humanitarian operations.Doctrinal papers evidence that military operations will also incorporate war fighting components as fountainhead as security duties. This was the case in Afghanistan, which was a stabilisation operation during which the UK military had the consent of the host nation government but no other warring party (Afghanistan Taliban 2001 present) A military force whitethorn decide in such situations that the defeat of a specific antagonist is essent ial to the success of the operation. (Ministry of Defence, 2011 1.1). Essentially, therefore, there is a political perspective which can serve to undermine any arguments of altruism during a humanitarian operation which is supported by military efforts.Should Military led Humanitarian Interventions be justified?The UN backed military operation in Libya during its recent grow and civil conflict was arguably mandated via humanitarian intervention based upon aid relief and assistance (United Nations, 2011). However it is arguable thatthat this particular intervention was politically motivated since it is evident that the Gaddafi regime had previously irked those states (USA, UK & France) which were at the forefront of the military aspect of intervention (Boulton, 2008). The argument put forward by the three-base hit of states sought to ensure a quick resolution to the conflict and that a perpetuation of the conflict would lead to a humanitarian crisis. Kuperman (2011) notes that Reso lution, 1973 allowed for a number of additional practices by military forces. These included, for example, allowing intervening forces to stabilise the Libyan conflict, to assist the undermining of the authority of the Gaddafi regime and to help bring the conflict to a speedy conclusion. To achieve this Kuperman (2011) notes that Libyan state financial and economic assets were frozen, the regime was also subjected to an arms embargo (Kuperman, 2011). It is also to be noted that the USA, France and the UK also operated out of doors of the mandate provided by the UN by deploying private military contractors to fight alongside insurgents seeking to overthrow the Gaddafi regime (RT News, 2012). That said, the Libyan conflict has not ended and continues to dominate local Libyan politics and society. This emergence serves only to undermine the utilitarian role of humanitarianism.It is fair to suggest that the actions by military forces were more political than humanitarian and served only to perpetuate the US led policy of regime change. This is a factor which Williamson (2011) argues has resulted in military planners utilising military force within humanitarian relief efforts and which has served only to muddy the political and social dynamics of any affected zone. Williamsons (2011) argument can be considered in tandem with the British military doctrine which refuses to rule out combat efforts but in relation to the post-Cold War era which has seen non-state combatants align the battlefield to one which compares directly to a counter insurgency warzone (US Government, 2012). licit IssuesWhere the Libyan case study is considered, it is worthwhile noting that, previously, Goodman (2006) had argued that there is a trim contradiction between military interventions into any state using a guise of humanitarian purposes. Goodman (2006) furthers his argument by stating that there is no wakeless justification for a unilateral humanitarian intervention into another hoidenish, and that it is passing unlikely that such a move will ever be likely. The rationale behind this argument is that states then have the potential to militarily intervene in other states using humanitarianism as a justification for regime change or some other subterranean motive. It is to be noted that Goodman bases his arguments upon the dynamics of recent interventions in Kosovo and Iraq as soundly as the refusal to intervene in the Sudan or in Rwanda (Goodman, 2006). Similarly when attempts were make to intervene militarily under the auspice of humanitarianism in Syria, this was rebuffed by the UN ecumenic Assembly since it was suggested that those who sought to intervene (again, the USA, UK and France) were doing so out of a political motive which involve a war fighting phase as opposed to relieving suffering on the ground, indeed a part of the proposal of marriage was to arm anti Assad militias which were aligned to the al Qaeda franchise (Benotman and Blake, 2013) . The outcome of this particular policy has been the evolution of Islamic State.ConclusionIn conclusion, the incorporation of a military force to benefit humanitarian operations can serve to benefit the potential for aid relief via the provision of security escorts for NGOs when operating in hostile environments. However with recent decades seeing a vast increase in the preference for military led humanitarian operations, the potential for a conflation between humanitarian principles and the advancing of political aspirations of bestower states cannot be denied. This has been the case in Libya where humanitarianism was presented as a causal justification for military interventions which were mostly politically or ideologically led. With the vales of humanitarianism incorporating impartiality and neutrality it is hard to see how military forces can promote humanitarian values, particularly when their presence may result in benignant with potential belligerent forces in order to sta bilise a country or region so that NGOs can conduct their own operations successfully. Essentially, therefore the aims of military forces (and their political masters) are vastly different from aid agencies, this serve to provide confirmation that military forces cannot promote humanitarian values, purely by virtue of their own activities and nature of their work.BibliographyBenotman, N., and Blake, R. (2013) Jabhat al-Nusra A Strategic Briefing, capital of the United Kingdom Quilliam Foundation.Boulton, A. (2008), Memoirs of the Blair Administration Tonys Ten Years, London Simon & Schuster.Christoplos, I., Longley, C. and Slaymaker, T., (2004) The Changing Roles of Agricultural renewal Linking Relief, Development and Support to Rural Livelihoods, available at http//odi.org.uk/wpp/publications_pdfs/Agricultural_rehabilitation.pdf, (accessed on 13/11/14).Dagher, S., (2014) Kurds Fight Islamic State to Claim a voice of Syria, (online), available at http//online.wsj.com/articles/kurd s-fight-islamic-state-to-claim-a-piece-of-syria-1415843557, (accessed on 13/11/14).Davidson, J., (2012) Principles of Modern American Counterinsurgency Evolution and Debate, Washington DC Brookings Institute.Global Humanitarian Assistance, (2013) ascertain the cost of humanitarian aid delivered through the military, London Global Humanitarian Assistance.Goodman, R., (2006) Humanitarian Intervention and Pretexts for War, (J), American Journal of International Law, Vol. 100 107 142.International Committee of the Red Cross, (2013) Humanitarian Values and Response to Crisis, (online), available at https//www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jmlz.htm, (accessed on 13/11/14).Kaldor, M., (1998) New and Old Wars Organized force play in a Global Era, Cambridge Polity Press.Kuperman, A., (2011) False Pretence for war in Libya, available at http//www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2011/04/14/false_pretense_for_war_in_libya/accessed on 13/11/14).Marjanovic, M., (2011) Is Humanitarian War the Exception?, (online), available at http//mises.org/daily/5160/Is-Humanitarian-War-the-Exception, (accessed on 13/11/14).Minear, L and Weiss, T.G., (1995) Mercy Under Fire War and the Global Humanitarian Community, Boulder Westview Press.Ministry of Defence, (2011) Peacekeeping An evolving Role for the Military, London HMSO.Pattison, M., (2010) Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility To Protect Who Should, Oxford Oxford University Press.RT News, (2012) Stratfor Blackwater helps regime Change, (online), available at http//www.rt.com/ newsworthiness/stratfor-syria-regime-change-063/, (accessed on 13/11/14).Seybolt, T., (2007) Humanitarian Military Intervention The Conditions for success and Failure, Oxford Oxford University Press.United Nations, (2011) Resolution 1973, (online), available at http//www.un.org/press/en/2011/sc10200.doc.htmResolution, (accessed on 13/11/14).US Government, (2012) Counter Insurgency, Virginia Pentagon.Waxman, M., (2 013) Is humanitarian military intervention against international law, or are there exceptions?, (online), available at http//www.cfr.org/international-law/humanitarian-military-intervention-against-international-law-there-exceptions/p31017, (accessed on 13/11/14).Weiss, T., (2012) Humanitarian Intervention, Cambridge Polity Press.Williamson, J., (2011) Using humanitarian aid to win hearts and minds a costly failure?, (J), International Committee of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, (884) 1035 1062.

Formal Writing †Students should have complete freedom to choose their own courses! Essay

At the present day, the educational frame of amphetamine secondary instill resembles major parts of the already established system. The system compels students to strike subjects considered chief(prenominal) by the government. I highly disagree with the accredited school-system because of several moderatenesss. I support the vision of students having themselves to remove their hold courses. runner of all, I believe the traveling climate in general testamenting be remarkably better as a result of the accompaniment that the students most likely choose subjects they be rattling interested in. give thanks to that, the students go away be more active and focused during lectures. They will work harder and be more prone to do their homework.They will study adequately and they will acquire knowledge more easily and knowledge will persist longer. Furthermore, when the students learn to appreciate studying, they will put more labor into studies which will result in preferable possibilities of achieving favored marks, which is satisfactory toward the students besides their teachers. With own experience on hand, if a student is constrained to study plenty of subjects, which he or she is not even interested in, it will just make him/her feel tired and stressed. In many cases this leads to avoiding accepted courses the students have no interest in, sometimes even giving up on school.Secondly, since it is only the students who know what they are really safe(p) at, it seems bonnie that they should be given more freedom to choose their own courses. In fact it is very important for the students to choose their own subjects without reserve because they are the only ones who know what they are interested in, what they prefer and what they need. That is the main reason why they will pay more attention to the subjects which they are refer about, they will work more by themselves and search for necessary cultivation that relates to the course and potential futu re job.On the other hand, I record that some people believe schools should push the students to study for all-round development. The students give the sack discover their interest through different subjects and also realise their rise capabilities in areas they would never even come to think of. Of course, there would so far be some negative side-effects of selecting courses freely, like in cases when teachers are know to give good grades for less challenging courses. On the contrary, there is incessantly a different side and I find it essential for the school to guide the students among the most fundamental subjects.In conclusion, I find it important that students in pep pill secondary school should have the opportunity to choose their own courses. The students are sufficiently mature to know what is best for themselves, if they set about a limited assistance with selecting subjects and planning, they will have only good in return. Teachers should of course be strict and put some coerce on the students so they eventually start studying when they are so-called to. Obviously it is important to be all-round tutored for the future but I would say that it is better to concern about things that is going to be really useful in the future instead of learning about useless subjects. The question is Would it not be better if all students in upper secondary school and above had the complete freedom to choose their own subjects?

Acquiring and Using Funds to Maximize Value Essay

Review Questions1. What is the key goal that guides the decisions of pecuniary wanglers? What challenges do fiscal managers front when they try to perplex the best sources and physical exercises of silver to meet this goal?The fiscal mangers goal is acquisition, financing, and management of assets. The challenges argon gracement, financing, and asset management decisions.2. List the quadruple canonical types of monetary ratios delectationd to eyeshade a clubs per micturateance, give an example of each type of ratio and explain its signifi burn downce.Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability, and susceptibility are the basic types of monetary ratios. The transparentity ratio is the ratio of au sotic assets to certain liabilities. Profitability ratios indicate managements ability to convince sales dollars into pays and bills merge. Solvency ratios indicate fiscal stability because they measure a companys debt relative to its assets and justness. Two common capabil ity ratios are inventory turnover and receivables turnover. Business manager necessarily to make up what the financial health of the mansion, he would use smooth-spokenity ratio. A melodic line needs to figure come on how to pay bungholecelled the debt to the bank, they would use solvency ratio.A company makes paper plates they need to greet how much profit they can make. They would use profitability ratio. For example, if the bank make up totaled $5,000,000 and its revenues totaled $10,000,000, then using the formula above, we can calculate that banks efficacy ratio is $5,000,000 / $10,000,000 = 50%. This doer that it costs the bank $0.50 to generate $1 of revenue. This is an example of efficiency ratio.3. What are the key questions financial planning must answer? What role does the ciphered income statement and bud perk uped balance wheel sheet breeze in finding answers to these questions?What are your long name goals for the origin? What are the most(prenominal ) significant risks you are facing? How tolerate you mitigated these risks? How do you suffer your market to evolve over the forms to come? Those are the four questions. They provide the answers to these questions. It is a plan to predict and show what can cash in ones chips in meter, it is a prediction for theses questions.4. What is the purpose of a cash bud take up? How can this tool help profligates with rapidly increasing sales? cash in budgets are often used to assess whether the entity has sufficient cash to fill up regular operations. They can use it to figure reveal where coin needs to go or where they need to gain money. It helps financial managers determine when the level is liable(predicate) to need additional funds to meet short term cash shortages, and when surpluses of cash forget be available to pay off loans or to expend in otherwise assets.5. Name and describe 4 commonly used sources of short-term financing.Trade credence, advances from customers, c ommercial banks loans, and financial institutions are types of short-term financing. Trade credit is a loan in the form of acceptables. An advance from customers is the reputed business houses receive a part of the price or payment from the buyers out front the supply of goods. The finance institutions can help the business by providing short term funds.6. What is equity financing and what are its major(ip)(ip) sources? What advantages and disadvantages of are associated with equity financing?Equity financing is the sale of an self-command affaire to raise funds for business purposes. Personal savings, life insurance policy policies, home equity loans, and venture capital are major sources of equity financing. The advantages are it doesnt have to be repaid. They share the liabilities of company with the investors. The disadvantages are you have to share slightly of the ownership, and you have to in like manner share your profits.7. What is financial leverage? How, and under w hat conditions, can financial leverage benefit a company? How, and under what conditions, can it detriment acompany? financial leverage is the use of borrowed money to increase production volume, and sales and achieveings. The use of financial leverage also has value when the assets that are barter ford with the debt capital earn much than the cost of the debt that was used to finance them. If a companys variable costs are high than its fixed costs, the company is verbalize to be using little operating leverage.8. Is it possible for a firm to have too much money? Explain. What role does cash equivalents play in a financial managers strategy to manage cash balances? Yes because it means there can be fusss in the future. They get taxed much and they gaint know what to invest the money in. They use it to show the companys strengths and weakness. The can use it to make balance sheet, cash period of time statement, and income statement.9. Why is the $1,000 you receive today wo rth more than $1,000 you receive next year? What imagination does this illustrate? Why is this concept particularly important when firms treasure capital budgeting proposals?It is worth more this year rather than next year because if you receive it this year and you decide to invest in it you will gain interest on the thousand dollars you accredited this year. It illustrates the concept of interest. It is important for firms because it benefits them in terms of long term investment.10. What is the scratch present value (NPV) of a long-term investment project? specify how managers use NPVs when evaluating capital budget proposals.The NPV of an investment proposal is found by adding the present values of all of its estimated future cash flows and subtracting the initial cost of the investment from the sum. The managers use NVPs when evaluating capital budgeting by most credibly approving a positive NPV because this means the present value of the expect cash flows from the projec t is greater than the cost of the project. And a negative NPV means that the present value ofthe expected future cash flows from the project is less than the cost of the investment.Application Questions1. Your company has been struggling financially for quite some time now. You have a chance of making a profit this quarter, which is sure to bolster your stocks sagging price. But it depends on your using a low cost waste disposition practice. The disposal practice is legal but youve also seen some studies indicating that it is likely to harm the environment. What would you decide to do and why?2. Choose a company and master a copy of its most recent annual report. (In most cases, you can access annual reports simply by clicking on the link for investors, unremarkably found on the companys home page. You can also try the IRIN Annual Report Resource Center at www.irin.com, or Annual Reports.com at http//www.annualreports.com.) Using the financial statements, calculate three of the r atios describe in this chapter. What conclusions can you draw from these ratios just about the companys financial strengths and weaknesses?3. Your small company has $25,000 in surplus cash right now. You dont want to commit these funds to any long-term investments because you know of some expenses coming up in about 8 calendar months that will require the use of this cash. But you would like to find some safe, liquid interest-earning investments where you could park your cash until it is needed. Youve decided that T-bills and money market mutual funds are your best options, but you want to find out more about both. Use the Internet to do some research about these cash equivalents, and then answer the questions below.How do you purchase T-bills? If you want to invest in T-bills, what is the minimum amount you can invest? Can you wander these bills before they mature? How do you receive the interest on T-bills? What is the interest rate earned on the most recent T-bills?How do you p urchase money market mutual funds? How do these funds protest from money market accounts? What are the different types of money funds? arthere any drawbacks to investing in these funds?Investigate deuce specific money market mutual funds. What interest rate does each currently offer is the minimum required investment for each?establish on your research, how much of the $25,000 would you invest in T-bills and how much in money market mutual funds? Why?4. Suppose that soon afterward earning your bachelors degree you are accepted into an MBA program at a prestigious university. It is an intensive program that would require you to be a full-time student for about eighteen months. What are the major financial costs and benefits of enrolling in this program? (Hint be sure to consider not just the out-of-pocket costs, but also any other financial sacrifices you might have to make if you became a full- time student.) Describe how you could evaluate whether enrolling in this program is a good financial decision. (Hint Keep in mind that the benefits of your education will be in the form of higher cash flows over your entire career.)5. Visit the sites of at LendingClub.com and Prosper.com to find out more about peer-to-peer (P2P) lending. How do these sites match small lenders and borrowers? How are the sites similar, and how do they differ? Do some additional research to find out what others are saying about the pros and cons of these sites. Would you be willing to participate in this type of arrangement as a borrower? Would you participate as a lender? Why or why not?Team childbedSelect 4 or 5 companies in the same basic market or industry, and print their most recent financial statements before class. Break the class into small groups, give each group the financial statements for one of the firms and have them work together to compute basic financial ratios for that firm. (The formulas for several common ratios are given in Exhibit 9.1. If you have a large class y ou can assign the same company to more than one groupand have the groups compute different ratios.) and so have each group report their results. Compare the ratios reported by each group. In cases where ratios differ significantly among the firms, discuss the implications of these differences.Case ConnectionsAvoiding a change CrashYour companys sales are truehearted and have been growing rapidly, and your recent income statements show that youve earned a hale profit each of the onetime(prenominal) three years. But despite this good news your firm has faced a series of cash flow problems in recent years. On several occasions youve had to scramble to find cash to pay your bills. You feel like youve been pushing your luck and you encounter unless you make some changes in how you manage your cash and other current assets your problems are likely to continue. In fact, youve already identified three major concerns. You believe that once these concerns are addressed you will have don e for(p) a long dash to reducing the possibility of a in truth cash crisis.Your first challenge is to find some way to get a better handle on how your cash flows are likely to vary over the year. In the past youve just made can of the pants estimates about the amount of cash youll receive each month and the payments youll have to make. These estimates havent al slipway been accurate, which is a key former youve had to scramble for funds. You want to develop a more rigorous way to predict when youll have shortages of cash so that youll have more time to make adjustments or find additional sources of funds.A second problem you have concerns your credit customers. You know that offering credit to customers is a prerequisite a cash only policy would likely cause umteen of your customers to take their business elsewhere. But during the recent recession many of your customers began pay lateand some didnt pay at all. The slow payments intelligibly contributed to your cash flow prob lems. You wonder if there are some ways you could still offer credit while doing a better business line of collecting payments in a timely fashion.Finally, even though cash is tight in some months, you know that there are other months when your business generates substantial cash surpluses. Youve been reluctant to invest these surpluses in the past because, with all of the cash flow problems and uncertainties youve faced, you didnt want to tie up funds. But now you are beginning to realize that such a policy has an opportunity cost. You wonder whether there are some safe, liquid assets where you could temporarily invest your excess cash.You DecideHow is it possible for a juicy and rapidly growing company like yours to experience cash flow problems? What can you do to improve its forecast of cash shortages and surpluses?How can your firm deal with its credit customers? What trade-offs are involved if you make changes in your credit policies? Is there any other way you could turn yo ur credit sales into cash more rapidly?What is the opportunity cost of holding cash? What are some short-term investments that would be good choices when your firm has fly-by-night surpluses of cash? Describe these investments and explain why they are good places to temporarily park your cash.SourceWhat Are property Equivalents? Wise Geek website http//www.wisegeek.com/what-are-cash-equivalents.htm Cash and Cash Equivalents, Wikinvest website http//www.wikinvest.com/metric/Cash_And_Cash_Equivalents Cash Budget, Investopedia website http//www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashbudget.aspaxzz1VEzc8Z9U Cash Budgets/Cash Budgeting, Accounting for Management website http//www.accountingformanagement.com/cash_budget.htm Credit Policy, Entrepreneur.com website http//www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82124.html How to Create a Smart Credit Policy, Inc. magazine website http//www.inc.com/magazine/20090301/how-to-create-a-smart-credit-policy.html

Right Sided Heart Failure Health And Social Care Essay

Hyper thyroid glandism has been known to do a assortment of cardiovascular manifestations. In recent times, there have been studies of utility(prenominal) pulmonary risque consanguinity line pressure in patients with thyrotoxicosis, though in most instances this companionship lead merely to a piano and transeunt lift of norm pulmonary artery force per unit state. This was norm solelyy a opportunity happening with bulk non being diagnostic. We hereby show a instance, who on presentation had the marks and symptoms of right squelch failure and was later diagnosed with pneumonic mellow smear pressure. With all common secondary causes command out, sculpt disease seemed the thinkable etiology in this patient with overhead railway thyroid map trial. Treatment of sculpture disease with radioiodine therapy in this patient was associated with key autumn in average pneumonic arteria force per unit area.Keywords Pneumonic high blood pressure, Grave s disease, thyrotoxicosis. IntroductionOur instance of a immature female with a anterior history of arthritic booby disease and mitral regurgitation, presented with grand of right bosom failure. She was found to perceptiveness important pneumonic high blood pressure ( PAH ) with normal go forth ventricular map which pointed towards an etiology of PAH in the lungs. All the common possible secondary causes of PAH were ruled out but during the probes she was found to hold elevated thyroid map trials compatible with the diagnosing of Graves disease. The intervention of Graves disease, ab initio by medicines and later by radioiodine therapy, was associated with a important ebb in the pneumonic arteria systolic force per unit area. The plan of this instance study is to foreground one of the unusual and under-diagnosed presentations of Grave s disease. The association between PAH and thyrotoxicosis was foremost reported in an atomic number 61 instance in 1980. 4 Case PresentationA 30yr old Hindi married f emale, occupant of Mumbai, presented with a 2-month history of dyspnea on move ( NYHA Class II ) which had worsened to dyspnea at remainder since 2 yearss and pedal hydrops for 2 yearss. She besides had orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and palpitations. Her past and household histories were non-contributory.At presentation, she had mild tachycardia ( bosom rate= 108/ minute of arc ) , normal blood force per unit area ( 120/70mm of Hg ) , raised JVP ( 8cms. ) , pedal hydrops and a thyroid puffiness. Examination of the toilet table of drawers revealed hyperdynamic vertex round tangible at 5th intercostal infinite, a diastolic daze, and a left parasternal heaving. On auscultation, she had a loud P2 and a grade 3/6 pan-systolic mutter in the mitral demesne radiating to the armpit, which increased on termination. She besides had bilateral crackles on lung Fieldss.Her chest X ray revealed megalocardia and outstanding proximal pneumonic arteria. electrocardiogram showed right axis divergence, P pulmonale , and an grounds of right ventricular hypertrophy. Consequences of 2D ECHO include grounds of arthritic bosom disease with mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, awesome pneumonic arteria high blood pressure with systolic force per unit area of 70 mm of HgH, normal biventricular map and a left ventricular expulsion division of 60 % . She underwent work-up for pneumonic high blood pressure with high contract bridge computed imaging of thorax which showed mild megalocardias without any grounds of parenchymal engagement and a bulky thyroid. Computed tomographic pneumonic angiography showed no grounds of pneumonic thromboembolism. Ultrasonography of the thyroid showed bulky thyroid with increased vascularity and altered echotexture. Radioiodine uptake scan showed flaccid consumption in thyroid secretory organ.Relevant research science lab consequences included serum T3 concentration of 450.93 ng/dL ( normal 70-204 ng/dL ) , T4 concentration of 40.6 ? g/dL ( normal 3.2-12.6 ?g/dL ) and TSH concentration of & A lt 0.01IU/mL. HIV screen was non-reactive. Auto-antibody screen revealed compriseling anti-microsomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and decrepit positive anti-nuclear antibody ( 1100 )Patient was ab initio started on Lasix with minimum benefit. After the diagnosing of Graves disease was made, she was started on beta-blockers and carbimazole. Patient was later sent to TATA infirmary for radioiodine therapy. A follow-up subsequently 2 months with repetition 2 D Echocardiography showed pneumonic arteria systolic force per unit area of 45 millimeter of Hg ( important lessening from the old value ) .DiscussionPneumonic arterial high blood pressure ( PAH ) is defined as a average pneumonic arteria force per unit area ( mPAP ) of & A gt 25 millimeter Hg at remainder or & A gt 30 millimeter Hg after exercising. 1 The etiology is divided into unproblematic or secondary causes. Secondary causes of PAH include cardiac valvular disease, COPD, pneumonic fibrosis, left bosom failure, clogging slumber apnea, pneumonic thrombo-embolism, HIV infection, drugs, toxins and collagen vascular diseases. 3 primary feather pneumonic high blood pressure is associated with a bad result, hence, it is undeniable to seek for secondary, reversible causes of pneumonic high blood pressure earlier doing any diagnosing. 3 Haran and co-workers 2 reported a instance of a 33-year-old Asiatic adult male with 2 months of diagnostic Graves disease, echocardiographic grounds of elevated right ventricular systolic force per unit area and normal cardiac valves. This patient was treated with medicines only- Inderal, propylthiouracil, steroids, and Procardia and repetition echocardiography 6 months subsequently showed important autumn in right ventricular systolic force per unit area.Suk JH and co-workers 5 performed consecutive echocardiographic scrutinies in 64 untreated patients with Graves disease. The behold fou nd that the prevalence of PAH amongst the patients in the survey was 44 % . Follow up echocardiography performed in the patients with PAH after intervention with anti-thyroid drugs, revealed that PAH had vanished in all except one patient.Marvisi M and co-workers 9 studied 114 patients with thyrotoxicosis of which 47 had Graves disease and 67 had nodular goitre alongwith a matched control group. Mild pneumonic high blood pressure was found in 50 instances from the patient group which was once more divided into 2 subgroups those treated with methimazole and those with partial thyroidectomy. After a 120 twenty-four hours followup, the survey concluded that the association between thyrotoxicosis and mild and transient PAH is stalk and that methimazole causes a faster autumn in mPAP compared to partial thyroidectomy.Though the adopt pathogenesis of this status is non known, the mechanisms that have been debated in literature include increased pneumonic blood flow 5 or autoimmune procedure associated with endothelial harm 8 . Other possible accounts include increased cardiac end product in thyrotoxicosis or increased perturbation of intrinsic pneumonic vasodilatives 6 .DecisionIn patients with pneumonic high blood pressure non related to left bosom disease, a hunt essential be made for other reversible causes before doing the diagnosing of primary pneumonic high blood pressure. 3 Hyperthyroidism is rather often associated with mild and transient pneumonic high blood pressure than antecedently thought and is normally reversible with intervention. 5,9 In rare fortunes, pneumonic high blood pressure secondary to hyperthyroidism can be terrible plenty to show with right bosom failure and should be included in the differential diagnosing when other common causes have been ruled out. 7 Using medicines for intervention of thyrotoxicosis with PAH is associated with faster autumn in mPAP. 9

How far do you think Twelfth Night succeeds as a comedy?

When whizzness take aways the crowd of the Elizabethan ro humantic comedy, a light-hearted tale of slam in which obstacles ar overcome- often to resolve with a marriage, Shakespeares twelfth part darkness certainly ch every last(predicate)enges the convention. Although the resolution of the joining of three checkmates Orsino and genus Viola Olivia and Sebastian and Sir Toby and maria satisfies the criteria for a romantic comedy in some management, the bizarre nature in which some of these relationships come about defines the au grumblence question the likelihood of their successes.In addition, Shakespeare leaves an open misfortune in that the romanticistic outcomes some char acti unityrs (Malvolio, Antonio and Sir Andrew) are negative- creation go forth alone or unresolved. The melo salient manner in which Orsino muses over Olivia at the very start of Act 1 awaits to suggest that the unrequitedness of esteem is much for comedic value rather than a valid representat ion of unbent pick out and thus stool non be taken seriously.Orsinos hyperbolic monologue of his heat, give me excess of it, so that it may sicken and so die and later the pun of was I turned into a hart, and my desires, like dismiss and cruel hounds, eer since pursue me support this as this painful love is unbelievably developed seeing as he hardly knows Olivia and one could opine he is in love with the chase of Olivia- the challenge.To me, this behaviour is remindful of the young Romeos fanciful love for Rosaline when he soliloquises with confused oxymoronic language, and, as in Romeo and Juliet, it could be see that Shakespeare uses Orsino to make a satirical stimulation on the shallowness of courtly love. The contrived speech Orsino gives to Cesario to recite to Olivia, a common occurrence in Elizabethan measures, includes most radiant, exquisite and one(prenominal) beauty. There is a lack of conviction in these disingenuous words- provided used to fulfil the romant ic expectation. This disingenuousness is further comedically lampooned by Shakespeare by the way in which Cesario explains that this speech took great pains to study and how she asshole say little more than she has studied. This foreshadows the fact that lack of love or gratification will be present at the ending.How perpetually, when one compares this relationship to that among Orsino and the revealed Viola at the climax, it seems as though it was inevitable, as Orsino seems attracted to Cesarios powder-puff features from the start, as he states that Dianas lip is not more smooth and rubious thy undersized pipe is as the maidens organ, shrill and sound, and all is semblative a womans part, which provokes quaint dramatic irony to the reference.In addition, the iambic pentameter which the two mete out in act 2 ikon 4, Viola I should your Lordship. Orsino And whats her history? Viola Sir, shall I to this lady? Orsino Ay, thats the theme has become synonymous with the inevit ability of a couples destiny to be together, highlighting the balance the couple share with each other and is used frequently in Romeo and Juliet for this reason.However, it could too be said that the success of this relationship is unlikely cod to the fact that Orsino goes as far as to wish death upon Cesario, although I believe that Shakespeare uses this stringently to express Orsinos frustration for having sexual feelings towards a boy, and feelings which seem more genuine than his courtly, more suitable love for Olivia, although Cesario does continue to call Viola Cesario and boy, which could mean that Orsinos dramatic purpose is to prove that one can be attracted to both the masculine and feminine features of a person, as Shakespeare seemed to grant experienced himself as mentioned in the two loves of sonnet 144. Shakespeare portrays a more blatant presentation of homosexual attraction through Antonio.To me, Antonios love for Sebastian seems the truest of all, with him reve aling the extent of which as he says I do esteem thee so, that danger shall seem sport and I will go, and he does keep to his word as he is voluntary to enter Orsinos court, going as far as risking his life, yet Shakespeare leaves him unhappy and alone. Shakespeare uses this love to make a serious point rather than a comedic one about how the most passionate loves can be found in circumstances other than the conventional man and woman, as at the time of the shoo-in, homosexual relationships in theatre were usually presented in a wacky manner for comedic value to laugh at the ostensible folly of it, or mere carnal lust, as opposed to the utter devotion utter of when Antonio says if you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant, whereas in Twelfth Night, the most conventional love, that between Orsino and Olivia, is the least realistic- and Antonios for Sebastian the most.Antonios winsome actions juxtapose with the disingenuous fancifulness of Malvolios mere speeche s of love- proving Shakespeares intent for the mental synthesis of a more genuine homosexual love. Antonio expresses his love beyond words- offering Sebastian his purse for the pointtuality that his eye shall light upon some toy he is willing to purchase. This selfless sacrifice of something necessary to Antonio for the mere materialistic pleasure of his lamb is quite representative of their quite one-sided relationship of servitude. When Cesario is mistaken for universe Sebastian, fitting in with the recurring theme mistaken identity, the intensity of Antonios passion is revealed.His feelings of betrayal and solitude are not, however, resolved with the revelation that Cesario is not in fact Sebastian, as shortly after, before Antonio can even think of having Sebastian to himself, he is engaged to Olivia. As Laurie E. Osborne puts it, Antonios final plight gives us at this moment an image of loss that it can do little to assuage, since at the end Antonio finds Sebastian only to stand silently by, honoring him commit himself to Olivia. Also, earlier in the play, Sebastians my kind Antonio, I can no other answer make precisely thanks, and thanks and ever thanks and oft good turns suggests that Sebastian aware of Antonios romantic feelings for him, but respectfully denies him, stating that hed prefer a platonic relationship.The said(prenominal) melancholy of Antonios predicament at the plays denouement is a message too sombre to succeed comedically to a moderne audience due to the attenuation of heteronormativity over time, thus making empathy for a homosexual love easier. However, this comedic aspect of the play may have succeeded to an Elizabethan audience due to a lack of queer love acceptance. Nevertheless, I believe that, due to Shakespeares ostensible bisexuality (evidenced through such(prenominal) works as sonnets 15, 18 and 20) it is probable that Antonios misfortune in his love for Sebastian is intended to be sympathised with- most likely fai ling at this to an Elizabethan audience. However, of course, as it is a Shakespearean romance, it is one of many to consider and thus cannot deem the play a holistic failure with regards to its comedy.The amorous feelings which Sir Andrew has for Olivia throughout the play are completely unrequited, although, unlike Antonio, the audience neer really empathises with him due to his function being solely to fulfil the low-comedic aspects of the play- Shakespeare constructing an blue fool stock character in Sir Andrew, seeming almost unable(predicate) of emoting the complexity in which love is presented in Twelfth Night, the wittier Sir Toby, who fulfils the high-comedic aspects of the play seem to understand what true love is, therefore Shakespeare succeeds in making Sir Andrews unhappiness and aloneness comedic. Sir Toby lampoons Sir Andrew, presenting Sir Andrews stupidity to the audience- reinforcing that the audience shouldnt feel guilty for laughing at him.The ridiculousness of the duel scene between Sir Andrew and Cesario over Olivia makes it one of the most comically entertaining scenes in the play, and yet, beneath the folly of its surface, proves Sir Andrews devotion to Olivia, making his feelings seem small-time to the audience, regardless of their truth, therefore come through in being a comical ending in this instance. Malvolio is, like Sir Andrew, left alone without sympathy from the audience. Tricked by Sir Toby, Maria and Sir Andrew and seeking revenge, it could be interpreted that Shakespeare uses Malvolio to lampoon the prudish views of the puritan- Maria calling him a kind of Puritan, a time-pleaser and an affectionate ass due to the Puritanical traits which Shakespeare had installed into him, the combination of these surely indicating that Shakespeare intended on making Puritan a negative insult because during the period of the plays release, Puritans attempt to close down theatres due to their lack of concurrence with Puritanical doctri nes.However, Malvolios true religious views are never explicitly mentioned, possibly so that a Puritanical backlash wouldnt occur. Alternatively, as Allison P. Hobgood interprets, Malvolio hides his truer appetitesfor higher former and status beneath a constructed outer persona, a shell of sobriety, moderation, and propriety. The steward moreover acts the role of a Puritan, that is, and hence is maybe much more un-puritanical than one might imagine. Malvolios construction fits the criteria of the Theophrastian stock character Mikrophilotimia, or the man of petty ambition, the word petty in this categorisation enabling the audience to laugh at Malvolios misfortune, thus succeeding comedically.The Humanistic resurgence of the Renaissance Era makes it highly likely that Shakespeare was conscious of this allusion in his takings of the play. Feste brings the play to its denouement with his dejected song, repeating the line for the rain, it raineth every mean solar day encapsulatin g the dark, serious undertone of the play-without which it could be easily interpreted as a resolved, conventional romantic comedy, although Festes song reminds the audience that not all characters are left happy and fulfilled. The fact that Feste, a mere fool, gets the last lines of the play highlights the transposition of social roles which is an important part of the Twelfth Night festival on which the play is based.Feste, contrary to his title of the fool is also one of the wisest characters, and thus has the power to see and tell beyond the plays superficially happy plot. To conclude, I believe that the characters which are left unhappy and alone are usually characters used by Shakespeare to be laughed at as opposed to sympathised with- with the subtle exception of Antonio, who is meant to send a more serious message to the audience over sexuality, thus succeeding as a comedy, yet one which deviates from the conventions of its time. Considering the alternative title of the pla y, What You Will, perhaps a conclusion can be drawn that Shakespeare wants us to make what we will of the ending, using an open denouement whose continuation is to be interpreted as being cheerfully comedic or sombrely serious.

Big Two-Hearted River

What do we know just rough Ernest Hemingways floor, Big Two-Hearted River, and what do different reviewers have to say roughly the business relationship. Many of the reviewers felt that the report card links the author, Ernest Hemingway to his main character, notch raptures when the author uses words, such as up to associate a good mood and d suffer to refer to feelings of depression. whiz nookie easily look into the depths of Ernest Hemingways writing and discover pieces of his own personality, both good and bad. What can we consider heed about Ernest Hemingway as we involve about the fictional character knap gos?(Gibbs, 1975) Robert Gibbs tells us that He make him up. Big, Two-Hearted River begins with a drop back dropping off break off Adams near the wilderness of the Upper Peninsula of clams. We can easily visualize Hemingway riding on the train on his way to the Upper Peninsula. What follows, we find is a straightforward narration of unmatched of his days camping alone near the river, thinking about slit Adams. Must we rationalize that Hemingway, much like Nick Adams, worn out(p) many of his own days alone by the river? That is the impression that the horizontal surface leaves.It is easy to imagine Hemingway sitting by the river in Michigan why is Nick intrigued by the river, which he uses to provide food for himself and much more(prenominal)(prenominal)? I understood that he finds healing with the river. We are told in the floor, Big Two-Hearted River that Much like Hemingway, himself, Nick Adams finds himself continually haunted with excite flashbacks to his past suffering and grief. As he alludes to in other stories, Nick turns to fishing (especially fishing with grasshoppers) to release his mind from the terrible pressure of his flavour.As he makes coffee, for instance, he is reminded of his old fishing buddy and oil tycoon, Hopkins, who Hemingway suggests took his own life a few months before, after receiving a disturbi ng telegram, perhaps about his lover. Other disturbing flashbacks in Big Two-Hearted River include a sad execution scene where the man waiting to be hanged loses control of his bladder. passim Big Two-Hearted River, as Nick constructs his tent, fishes in the nearby river and cooks his catch, Hemingway describes his mood in two ways-up and rarify.If he stands up or climbs up a pitcher (on his way to build his tent, for example), he is in good spirits exactly if he sits down (as he thinks about Hopkins, his friend who committed suicide, for instance) or descends, his mood is falling. Thus Nicks mood follows his actions-form follows content. We are adapted to gather much information from this book concerning the story, Big Two-Hearted River, as we learn about Hemingways own mood swings, from low extremes, to high. The author is commensurate to display his own feelings in this story and perhaps he was adequate to obtain therapy from his own writing.With the description that Erne st Hemingway gives in his book, (Benson, 1975) Benson tells us that, He make him up. Maybe, Benson doesnt think that there is any association between Hemingway and Nick Adams. Hemingway writes that The train went up the track out of sight, around one of the hills of destroy timber. Nick sat down on the bundle of canvas and bedding material the baggage man had pitched out of the door of the baggage car. on that point was no townspeople, nothing alone the rails and the burnt-out-over country.The thirteen saloons that had line the one street of Seney had not left a trace. The foundations of the polarity House hotel stuck up above the ground. The stone was chipped and split by the run off. It was all that was left of the town of Seney. Even the surface had been burned off the ground. (Hemingway, 1924) Hemingway writes that Nick looked at the burned over-stretch of hillside, where he had expected to find the scattered houses of the town and then walked down the railroad tracks to the bridge over the river. The river was there.It swirled against the log spires of the bridge. Nick looked down the clear, brownish water, colored from the pebbly bottom, and watched the trout keeping themselves steady in the current with waffle fins. As he watched them they changed their positions again by quick angles, only to call for steady in the fast water, again. Nick watched them a long time. We can see the importance of the water, to Ernest Hemingway. He seems to associate water with day aspiration and is able to have flashbacks about a different time in the characters life and possibly his own.On another very(prenominal) enlighten website, we are told more about the story, by Ernest Hemingway. (Svoboda, 1996) At least ruin of the subtext of Big Two-Hearted River unfamiliar to present readers but likely to have been cognise by at least some readers at the time the story was writtenand intimately certainly known to Hemingway from his years of summers in Yankee M ichiganinvolves the history and legends of Seney, a logging town in Michigans Upper Peninsula. Hemingway describes the burned-down town, surrounded by blackened timber. We further ourselves in believing that Ernest Hemingway had personal strings attached to the town of Seney, and are more settled in the belief that Hemingway is speaking from his own experience about his own life. (bread maker, 1959) The suggestion is that Nick Adams had sometime earlier seen and had expected to homecoming to an intact Seney, had once counted the thirteen saloons (an ominous number) and had perhaps stayed at the Mansion House Hotel. Now he seems to have returned after a modern fire to what seems more like a fought-over battlefield than a have place of comfort.Civilization has disappeared with the train that has disappeared behind one of the hills of burnt timber. Nick sits. This implication of earlier experience may well be appropriate in the context of a piece of fiction in which, as Sheridan Baker first noted, Hemingway transplants a different rivers name to the prosaically named Fox, the true stream which runs finished Seney, eventually to join the Manistique and empty into Lake Michigan. We should not take that implication to represent a biographical truth about Hemingway, of course. Nor should we trim down Hemingways skill in creating a fictional world. The summary tells us to not associate Hemingways own past life experiences with Nick Adams, but it would be hard not to. Hemingway is so descriptive about the geography of the town of Seney and the Upper Peninsula in Michigan, that its almost impossible not to associate Hemingways life with Nick Adams. (Baker, 1959) Baker says that Nicks fishing becomes something symbolic of larger strive(153) What is the larger endeavor? We are told in Hemingways writing that Nick Adams awoke as his tent heated up in the morning. He was excited, but he knew he should have breakfast before he started fishing.He started the fire an d put water on for coffee. Then, he went to collect grasshoppers in a jar for bait. He took only medium-sized ones. He went back to his camp and do buckwheat griddle cakes with apple butter. He packed one in his shirt pocket and ate two more. He also make onion sandwiches, which he put in his other pocket. Then, he looked through his fishing equipment. With all of his fishing equipment attached to him, he stepped into the river. The water was very cold. It is clear that Hemingway was on an endeavor to relive the events in his life that terms him the most.We are able to get a better idea about what Hemingway is trying to express to us, about his own life in his story when he related words, places and times to his own personal life through Nick Adams. (Benson,) tells us that In the lengthy passage that was Hemingways true ending to Big Two-Hearted River, Nick Adams, having caught one good trout Hemingway was expressing his thoughts in the story Big Two-Hearted River as he clearly a ssociated himself to the main character, Nick Adams, and just like Nick Adams, Ernest Hemingway caught one good trout which means that he accomplished one huge success.Svoboda, Frederick J. , 1996, Landscaping Real And Imagined Big Two-Hearted River, Hemingway Review, University of Michigan, raft 16, Number 1 Baker, Sheridan, Winter, 1959Hemingways Two-Hearted River Michigan Alumnus, Quarterly Review 65, 142-149, sketch in Benson, 150-159 Gibb, Robert, 1975, He Made Him Up Big Two-Hearted River as Doppleganger Hemingway notes makeup in Reynolds, p. 254-259 Benson, Jackson J. , 1975, The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway Critical Essays, Durham, NC, Duke UP, Hemingway, Ernest, 1924, The Big Hearted River

A reason why international diversification increases

International diversification can be understood as the expansion of a firm Into different countries and geographical regions. This expansion offers firms different advantages like the exploitation of opportunities aboard, economies of scale, sharing of core competencies, and bringedness. Learning is a let on factor of the efficient development of new capabilities. Learning itself is fostered by respective(a) experiences. This shows the connection to International diversification, hence operating in diverse environments (countries/geographical regions) Increases the Intensity and frequency f events and Ideas to which a firm is exposed.Anyway, it Is questionable whether eruditeness through diverse experiences terzettos ultimately to capabilities that increase profit of a world massive diversified firm. To assess this question I am going to evince a few arguments that support and contradict this statement. On the nonpareil hand, managers and workers who submit experiences In diverse environments are more convergenceive than employees who dont have such experiences. This is mainly because these employees have a broader range of experiences and an spot and solve problems more easily than employees with a finalize view.Furthermore, an organization that operates in several countries has a wide range of subsidiaries from that it can learn. These subsidiaries provide access to a wide range of new ideas and new practices that give rise to innovation and lead to increased technological capabilities. In addition, firms which remain In their domestic state of matter as well as In their mall Industry lawsuit kindred threats and opportunities and develop ordinary methods to handle them. Thus, they have relatively narrow experiences and heir methods and capabilities also consort to be narrower because they face a check set of challenges.These limitations wont affect the firm in the short term except I believe that it decreases the performance of the firm in the long run. On the separate hand, firms that seek to enter a foreign market tend to start with cultural close countries at first. As these firms become experienced, they bugger off to expand in cultural distant markets. Thus, many firms dont face such great study opportunities because they prefer cultural close countries which are similar to their mom country.Furthermore, firms dont have to be internationally diversified to encounter learning opportunities. It is also possible to learn from foreign suppliers or foreign customers. Therefore, one crucial aspect Is how learning processes are Implemented and lived In organizations. This depends, among other things, on how the firm and its subsidiaries are organized. A firm that leads its subsidiaries/ geographical regions/product divisions as a strategic place exploits less learning opportunities because it manages its subsidiaries exclusively by financial indicators.In entrant, if a firm manages its subsidiaries as an operat ive holding it intervenes in the day-to-day business to seize synergies and learning opportunities. Hence, cross- border learning has to overcome organizational constrains. That international diversified firms face more possibilities to learn and develop new capabilities that increase profitability but this doesnt imply that they unceasingly outperform non international diversified firms. International diversified firms have to stool settings that facilitate and nurture cross-border learning to exploit the diverse opportunities they face in foreign countries.

Critique

Arundhati Roy has dedicated her writing career to politics and affable causes and is a vehement critic of neo-imperialism and globalization. Her audition, How Deep Shall We Dig? was published in a national Indian newspaper The Hindu on 25 April, 2004 against the backdrop of the 14th General Lok Sabha Elections in India. In her seek she attempts to present the harsh conditions prevalent in the entire India due to unjust laws and an increasingly fascistic approach towards governance by the notion parties and stresses upon the need to pay back closely a revolutionary alternate in the earth.Roy presents her crinkle effectively with the use of sarcasm, caustic remark and rhetorical questions complimented by a considerably back up and organized progression of ideas. However, her occasional arrogant stones throw and fallacious think win the reader question the believability of her case. Roy links the violent military position of Kashmir to the entire Indian state by high lighting unjust laws, contrary impacts of privatization, violence in various states and insensitivity of the ruling parties.She presents strategies of resi strength and civilised disobedience as the just now way forward to a prow change in the country. Roys mastery over sarcasm and irony helps to depict the true picture of Indias stability and politics in the ongoing era. Her use of sarcasm at various instances in the essay plays a pivotal authority in helping the reader to depict the reality juxtaposed against the false picture of India presented by the government.For example, Of course at that place is a difference between an overtly communal party with fascist leanings and an opportunistically communal party (5) captivates the readers interest and helps to emphasize her de enjoine that there is no difference between the mandates of the two live ruling parties of India and neither will be prospered in bringing a change to the country. Similarly in the line, Therell be n o to a greater extent criminals then. unless terrorists. Its kind of neat. (2), the writer effectively conveys her disapproval of the POTA (Prevention of Terrorism make out) through sarcasm and enlightens the reader with the devastating consequences that could take place by the integration of this Act into criminal law. Along with sarcasm, the author makes effective use of irony and refers to the oppress as gangsters (1) and their killing by the police as eliminated on orders (1) in order to illuminate the reader slightly the reality of violence and merciless killings taking place across the country.The use of words in character marks such as free press (3) and Creating a ingenuous Investment Climate (3) highlight the various instances of irony used by Roy to criticize the misleading photo presented by the ruling parties of democracy and privatization in the country. Efficient use of sarcasm and irony throughout the essay pull up stakes the reader to critically analyze the image of the Shinning India presented in the international friendship and contain to the authors point of view in this context.Along with irony, the strategic placement of rhetorical questions through the course of the essay plays an essential authority in the effective communication of the writers ideas and arguments. The topic How sound shall we dig? itself is a manifestation of a rhetorical question put forward by the writer to make the reader reflect upon the stance taken by many Hindus over the Muslim invasion of the subcontinent, to a greater extent than a millennium ago. With this single question the writer conveys the importance of the Muslim community to India and makes the reader analyze the oppressions faced by them in states handle Kashmir and Gujarat.The clever placement of questions such as So how can usual batch counter the assault of an increasingly violent state? (5) make the reader stop and reflect upon the arguments presented by the writer and unconscious ly agree to them. Similarly the use of repetitive questions and epiphora during the discussion of fascism in the essay lay emphasis on an important point of the argument and coax the reader to agree to the authors claim. On a identical note, Roy has strengthened her argument with ingenious organization of ideas and effective support of facts and statistics from believable sources.She first establishes the problems faced by the country and then cleverly connects them to the policies of the current ruling parties and fascism. With this link and the repetition of the problems in the middle of the essay she creates an image of a violent state requiring urgent action. After setting up the stage, she proposes her solutions and effectively convinces the reader that civil disobedience in the current preference scenario is the only possible way out of the volatile situation of the country. Her synthetical flow of ideas is complimented by statistics and allusion to credible sources.Refere nce to facts such as According to the records of the draw of Parents of Disappeared People (APDP) in Kashmir more than 3,000 people have been kil guide in 2003 (1) and Utsa Patnaik, the well known agricultural economist. . calculates that in the period between the early nineties and 2001, food grain absorption has dropped to levels lower than during the World War-II years (2) affirm the claims made by the author and play a pivotal role in bringing the reader in agreement to the writers point of view.Hence, the smooth flow of ideas and strong support make the paragraphs persistent and the essay powerful. Despite presenting a well structure case, the arrogant tone used by the writer while referring to the middle relegate in the essay depicts bias in her argument. In paragraph 11, she mentions the middle class as the only sect of the country that accept India as a legitimate democracy despite the widespread violence in the country while at the end of the essay she arrogantly refe rs to them by adage Not because of that middle-class squeamishness politics is dirty (6).With a sweeping elicitation and a supercilious remark about a group that forms more than fifty percent of the essays audience, Roy has considerably damaged the credibility of her argument. Moreover, at the end of the essay she addresses to the Indian people and calls for a change in the system by massive non co-operation scarce by anger a class that represents thirty percent of the Indian population (Lanzeni, The position Class in India), Mrs. Roy might not be very successful in achieving her aim.Along with an arrogant tone, the presence of fallacious cerebrate at sealed instances in the essay deteriorates the strength of the argument. While discussing the privatization of state institutions and referring to the power these reclusive companies hold, the author goes too far by saying in India a few of these CEOs are more powerful than the thrill Minister (3) and thereby commits a logica l fallacy called the slippery slope. It is true that the heads of privy companies running state assets hold a lot of power but it is illogical to conclude that they possess more authority than the head of the state- the Prime Minister.Similarly, the writer while emphasizing on the need of enhancement of benevolent rights in the country, illogically concludes that Indias juvenile abstinence from voting for a humanity rights resolution in the U. N. will lead to an assault of human rights in the country. The author fails to explore other possibilities that could have led to Indias abstinence and makes a hasty conclusion which compels the reader to question the reasoning of the author and weakens the overall strength and impact of the argument.Concrete examples of violation of human rights by the government at this point in the essay would have unite the argument and made the claim of the writer more viable. Despite its shortcomings, Roys article highlights important issues like pr ivatization and leave out of intelligence sharing with the mankind which are pertinent to developing countries. Privatization of national institutions is a problem prevalent even in Pakistan and has been openly criticized.The recent privatization of KESC (Karachi Electricity Supply Corporation), Pakistan Telecommunications (PTCL) and Railways in the country has sparked extensive debate since the efficiency of these institutions has depreciated tremendously and the government has anomic control over crucial state machineries. This can be exemplified by the long power breakdowns faced by Karachi at the hands of the privatized KESC which is not accountable for its inefficiency to anyone in the country.The fact that the economic capital of Pakistan can be held hostage by a private electricity company supports the argument laid down by Roy that privatization leads to the deterioration of a state. Along with privatization, lack of intelligence sharing over matters affecting the public is another gross aspect between Pakistan and India mentioned in Roys article. The details of the attack on Mehran Base in May, 2011 and the abduction of Osama bin Laden from Abbottabad are sensitive issues about which the common man knows nothing beyond the immediate videos shown on television.These incidents had a huge impact on the image of Pakistan across the globe and bear on the lives of its citizens but Pakistanis were not given any comment regarding the events by the government or the army. As Roy states, the common man was strained to believe that lack of information sharing is a poisonous brew which is stirred and simmered and put to the most ugly, destructive, political purpose. (1) Therefore, the two major issues of privatization and cover information from the public highlighted in Roys essay not only exist in India but also have strong grow in other developing countries like Pakistan.The author mentions the adverse effectuate of growing work on of jingoistic gro ups like Sangh Parivar (6) and the ultra teachings given in their schools called shakhas (6) in Northern India. The situation in Pakistan is surprisingly similar where the Taliban extremist group represents the Sangh Parivar of India and their madrassas provide a reflection of the shakhas mentioned by Roy. The lack of victorian governance in the northern areas of Pakistan has led to a growing influence of the Taliban in the region and an unmonitored expansion of their schools called madrassas. These schools instill extremism into our young generation and administer to fulfill the deadly purpose (6) of spreading terrorism in our country. As Roy pointed out in her argument, the governments failure in fulfilling its responsibilities has led Pakistan into a volatile situation where like India it is battling out extremist groups and nationalist movements generated from within the country. Roy talks about the oppression of the current government in India (which is similar to the polici es of the Pakistani government) throughout the essay and cleverly compares it with the British blueprint to arouse sensation and patriotism in the reader.The writers similitude of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act with Lord Linthigows 1942 Ordinance has a strong impact on the argument while her reference to Dandi adjoin (7) and civil disobedience (7) (a common term for protests during the British rule) generates nationalism in the emotional readers of the subcontinent. Like the Special Powers Act, Section 144, a law in the Pakistani constitution from the colonial era (Warraich, In Pakistan, Zardaris Crackdown Betrays Weakness) has been repeatedly used by the current government to repress protests such as the lawyers long march, a strategy used by the British during their rule.Similarly, recent attempts of the Pakistani government to disseminate peacefully protesting crowds by lacrimator and stone attack provide reflections of the tyranny faced by the people of the colonial era. The ingenious link established by Roy between the current oppression faced by the people of subcontinent and the British autocracy makes us realize that there is a dire need to bring about a change in the current system, launch another Dandi exhibit and indulge into yet another civil disobedience.Roy successfully evokes emotion with this analogy and makes the reader agree to her argument that the limit to repression has arrived, Enough is Enough. Ya Basta (5) On the whole, Roys effective use of literary devices, rhetorical questions and an ingeniously structured argument captivates the readers interest and despite its shortcomings in basis of reasoning, it eventually persuades the audience to give in to the view presented by the writer.Articles of this musical genre in the past have influenced Indian history and it is their growing popularity and recent impact on politics that has led to an immense support by the common people to revolutionary movements like the anti-corruption campaign by Anna Hazare. Therefore, Arundhati Roys How Deep Shall We Dig? not only serves as a limited review on the current political system of India but has far hit consequences in terms of awakening a nation from ignorance and directing it to a path of revolution.

Religion and spirituality Essay

As Table 4 indicates, the members of admin body (100%) concur that the elderly engaged in religious activities and they did take up their own personal devotions. All of them perceived this was a powerful actor of coping for the elderly at this point of their life. According to them (67%), the elderly took self-esteem in considering themselves to be religious, and 83% of them observed that prayer or church property was a source of strength and mollification. The administrators report what the elderly had sh ard with them at antithetic occasionsThe devotion to Mary (the recitation of rosary in the chapel) keeps me busy the whole dayI hardly get conviction to think about the pain on my kneesand as pray for each(prenominal) of themmy children and grandchildren I know God will keep them safe. Even if I dont to get to see them it is alrightlet them be well and happy. I attend mass daily morning and eveningif Im alright. It is there actu each(prenominal)y we get the strength. Even if I dont feel alright I go to chapel and spend time thereit is so healingafter all, all of us (the elderly) arrive at our own burdenof the past and the present.So it is a place to unburden all those. God is kindHe sees everything. though life here is comfortableeverything is providedwe are al unitarywe suffer alone God. Discussion Concept of Subjective Well-Being among the Institutionalized Aged Administrators stall The findings suggest that the concept of subjective well organism among the elderly as perceived by their administrators could be defined as the view of being at home with their past, at fill-in with the present and at peace treaty with the future including the inevitable death through a willing retire from to God.It goes with the definition of well-being adopted for the purpose of the present study. Accordingly, well-being is the pervasive sense that life has been and is good. It is an ongoing perception that this time in ones life, or even life as a whole, is fulfilling, meaningful, and pleasant (Myers, 1993). These findings further ties up with Veenhovens (2000) contention that as happiness denotes an boilers suit evaluation of life and this appraisal of life can concern different periods in time how life has been, how life is now, and how life will be exchangeable be in future.As perceived by administrators, the elderly at Gladys Spellman believe that when one has no regrets about the past and that they have lived a meaningful life, and having make ones duties in life, they are at home with the past. This concept of well-being is supported by pantryman et al. (1973 1998), and Knight (1996) that the nip that one has left undone those things which one ought to have done and one has done those things which one ought not to have done could lead to sense of guilt, which would negatively affect the sense of well-being.Similarly, when they have mirth with the the present stage of life including the acceptance of the pain of growing obsolescent and physical decline or to put it differently, when they feel at ease with the present in the given situation, they expereince a sort of contentment and peace in their life. According to Knight (1996) and Butler et al. (1998), the elderly who go through life review and address the unresolved issues in the past (Erickson, 1963) like a righting of old wrongs, making up with enemies, coming to acceptance of baneful life, having a sense of serenity and quietitude, pride in accomplishments, and having a feeling of having done ones best.And finally, when they are at ease with the future, they experience wellbeing. That is when they are not anxious about what is to come and not mad about but reconciled with the final reality of death, which primarly comes from their willing pin to God and absolute trust in Him. According to Westgate (1996), it is the spiritual balance which is an innate component of human functioning that acts to integrate the other components, and family relationship with God forms the foundation of their psychological well-being (Mackenzie et al. , 2000).

Down the River Essay

Edward Abbeys essay Down the River reveals his strong popular opinion that the existence of life revolves around temper itself. Abbey conveys these views through syntax, imagery, and his choice of structure. Abbeys varying detail and syntax in the first half of the enactment conveys an amazement toward nature. He states while gazing at the lion that there was a mutual curiosity he felt more wonder than fear.His unthought-of reaction to the mountain lion when they shared mutual curiosity implies that spell is not alone in this journey towards knowledge, and there is a sound connection between man and nature. He varies the syntax from short to interlocking sentences with distinct differences in clauses. He states that later on they see no mountain lions, and the following sentence in a series presents either of the other wildlife that has been observed in great detail instead of the lion. He describes these plants and animals with enthusiasm and also calls Aravaipa full of life and extremely beautiful.The moving-picture show is that even though the lion that drew the explorer in is nowhere to be seen, there is still a vast amount of bang in the relinquish. The structure is meant to contrast the two types of nature, urban nature and nature in Aravaipa. We see an immediate switch in tone when Abby says, We falter sign of the zodiacward over the stones, and through the anklebone-chilling water. Abbey displays a hint of bitterness towards his home that is so bad even the journey to get there is torturous.He discusses the stars and how they seem to fade when he leaving the desert, as if the world he is used to has no stars, no beauty, no life. Abby then states that the memories of the beautiful desert are enough to keep him satisfied for days to survive the urban life. Nature is so rich in details and relationships and so wonderful and mysterious that it is impossible to completely understand it. This incomprehensibility can supply an unlimited source o f learning that will eventually redeem us from a lifeless urban existence.

The First Knight

In knightly fourth dimensions deal lived by the medieval code of valiance which is usually associated with ideals of knightly virtues, pay back and accomplished get laid. In a knights code of chivalry a knight was expected to have strength and skills to fight just now also was expected to be kind. In the rules of polite love it describes the light ro homoce of love only if also the love for an separate mans wife. In the movie the first knight, Lancelot displays the ideals of medieval chivalry and statuesque love in admirable ways but also in ways that caused pure chaos.In the film, Lancelot illustrates the knights code of chivalry flat before he became a knight. In the code of chivalry, one of the rules is to hold dear the weak and defenseless. Lancelot shows this again and again by protecting Guinevere. The first time he shows this is when Guineveres carriage was attacked by prince Malagants followers and her carriage was beingness taken away he saved her and brought her back safely.Another time is when he goes to save her from Malagants cave when she was abducted by his people from the castle in the center of the night. Although he protects her all the time his reason to do so is very(prenominal) abstruse because he doesnt do it to protect the queen but because they both have a clandestine love for each other which later on leads to a calamity. Courtly love is very puff up illustrated in Lancelots love for Guinevere in the film the first knight.In the rules of courtly love it points emerge that a true lover is continually and without hoo-ha obsessed by the image of his beloved and that in sight of his beloved, the midsection of the lover begins to palpitate. In the first knight, Lancelot admits to Guinevere more than once that he cherishes her so much that he cant balk the thought of her out of his head. Another part of the movie where he displays courtly love is when the people are playing the gauntlet and he sees her you can see that h e is mesmerized by her sight and that his heart is palpitating.Even though Lancelot was in love with King Arthurs wife ( poof Guinevere) behind his back he noneffervescent displayed even more chivalry when King Arthur noticed he would aim an adept knight and made him a knight of the round table. When Lancelot conjugate this camaraderie he vowed to protect every one of his brothers no subject field what. In the knights code of chivalry it points out that you have to guard the honor of his fellow knights and to protect them.When Lancelot saw that his brothers (Knights of the Round Table) needed help during a battle, he would go and protect them from the enemy. Although I accede with many of the rules of courtly love the times have changed and today its hard to find mortal who still follows the rules as well as Lancelot followed them for the love he had for Queen Guinevere. In spite of the fact that he is loving a conjoin woman Lancelot stuck to many of the rules of chivalry and courtly love.

NCMMOD2CA

The question of the respective interests of the two berths in the Hollywood conflict is last a valid question in light of the oblige. However, perhaps out front embarking on an exploration of what their respective interests might be, it would be wise to premier(prenominal) understandably define what we ar referring to when we reference the two sides of the look at. The clearest separation mingled with the two sides shown in the article is that of the lodges versus the producers or movie houses.However, perhaps as interesting is the gray area, which falls in between the two for example, those instalments of a social club who are also producers. The point in this respect is to act upon where those people lie on the scale of either being to a greater extent than biased toward the society members (actors and writers) or toward the producers. If we take our two sides as defined, the producers versus the order of magnitude members then we are in a sufficient posture to control the respective interests of each side.It is immediately clear that this is a long-standing debate as we begin to examine the article, On the morning of October 8, 1945, thousands of picketing film workers, some erosion white-painted civil defense helmets, were confronted by truckloads of scabs who attacked with lead pipes, monkey wrenches and nightsticks (Cooper, 2001, 1). From this inauspicious opening, we dissolve already start to summon some idea of what the central debate might be.The principal concern of both sides of this debate is coin whether that money should be residual salary for work performed on a spotless result (for the actors and writers), or ongoing revenue from the marketing and sale of that product (for the producers). While the article details the previous compensation rates for cabaret members, When a consumer plops down $25 for a new DVD, for example, the credited film writer receives only 4 cents (Cooper, 2001, 10) it also clearly indicates t he desire of the guild members for surplus compensation in this regard. Therefore, we can clearly define the interest of the guild members as being that of what they might regard as adequate compensation for their work.However, this is not the only interest at work in the guild members, as we look deeper into the article and examine the strikes that have taken gear up previously. After last years costly six-month SAG-AFTRA walkout in the commercials sector, during which thousands of actors went without paychecks, thithers little rank-and-file enthusiasm for another(prenominal) season without work (Cooper, 2001, 33).Clearly, given the fact that the previous strike had alter lives and caused hardship to guild members, the guild members themselves would indicate among their interests the fastest possible closing to any conflict between the guild and the producers. As mentioned in the article by one IATSE official, You dont go on strike for six months to engage what you could hav e gotten in the first week (Cooper, 2001, 15). Perhaps then, we have more than simply two sides at work in the conflict the guilds, the guild members, and the producers.The producers, by contrast, clearly are eager to maintain the status quo. In one negotiation, specific figures are named, with the WGA scaling back its demands to a hardscrabble 25% outgrowth, and being met with an offer of a zero percent increase (Cooper, 2001, 13).It is worthwhile at this point to note that both sides have evince interests and not positions. To clarify, the interest on the guild members side might be increased compensation, while a possible position for that interest would be the actual renegotiation of contractual agreements between the guilds and the producers. Similarly, on the producers side, the interest is maintaining the status quo, while the position would be the upkeep of existing contracts.To examine points, we should again discuss how those points affect both sides of the debate. T he points are clear enough that they can be listed one by one. out-of-pocket to the mild bias of the article toward the guilds, and guild members there are easily more points presented from this side of the argument than the other.The first and simplest point is the sheer upsurge of guild members demanding better working conditions pent-up demand has reached a change state point (Cooper, 2001, 5) mentions WGA vice president, Dan Petrie, Jr. Whether this demand and pressure is due to brusque contracts with producers, or poor negotiations of the same is subject to debate, but is beyond the area of this essay.Second, there are the many sides of the financial coin. Artists are concerned in the first place with beautiful pay for the use of their work in both the authentic and recreated mediums. As mentioned in the articles, artists are paid little or nada in residuals for such reuse and resale of their work (Cooper, 2001, 9). This perhaps was less of a problem before the emer gence of the Internet, and the growth of the International market. In fact, it is clearly stated that writers had previously accepted lower pay, however they did so with the mind that talent would eventually receive a fair share as those markets matured (Cooper, 2001, 10). According to the article, this is something, which has now happened.An additional aspect to the financial issues is the function of what the article refers to as transfer pricing abuse the maneuvering of intellectual lieu among subsidiary partners of a corporate owner at less than fair market value to reduce the required amount of residuals, which are eligible to be paid. Just as these points are the primary ones discussed in the article, there are none mentioned for the producers other than their interest in maintaining the status quo, as discussed earlier in the essay.The primary conflict of money for the two sides is, gibe to the article, a major threat to the movie industry as a whole. As this conflict approaches resolution, the successful negotiation by the unions to a chaw which will allow for substantial enough earnings to appease their member base while still allowing for enough profit for the producers, will demonstrate to determine if the actor and writer guilds can escape their status as pampered poodles. (Cooper, 2001) ReferencesCooper, M. (2001). Residual Anger. Retrieved February 11, 2007 from, http//www.thenation.com/doc/20010402/cooper